Introduction to SQL: History, purpose, and benefits.

1. SQL Syntax: The structure of SQL commands, data types, operators, and expressions.
2. Retrieving data: SELECT statements, filtering data with WHERE, sorting data with ORDER BY and limiting results with LIMIT.
3. Data manipulation: INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements.
4. Joining tables: Inner joins, left joins, right joins, and full outer joins.
5. Subqueries: Writing subqueries in SQL and using them with other commands.
6. Grouping data: GROUP BY statements, aggregate functions, and HAVING clauses.
7. Indexing: Creating indexes to optimize performance.
8. Constraints: Defining constraints on tables to ensure data integrity.
9. Views: Creating and using views to simplify complex queries.
10. Stored procedures: Creating and using stored procedures to encapsulate SQL logic.
11. Transactions: Understanding the concepts of transactions and how to manage them in SQL.
12. Normalization: Understanding the principles of database normalization and applying them to SQL database design.
13. Security: Understanding database security principles and using SQL to grant and revoke permissions.